The Crysanthemums Essays -- Literary Analysis, John Steinbeck

John Steinbeck uses his unique literary style to write the short story â€Å"The Chrysanthemums,† where he brings his readers to a society of inequality amongst the genders. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† depicts the challenges of Elisa Allen, a thirty five-year-old woman who is expected to be a traditional housewife. Her ongoing transformation throughout the story portrays the life of a woman trying to gain meaning in her dull life during the 1930’s. John Steinbeck's, â€Å"The Chrysanthemums,† shows the true feelings of the protagonist, Elisa Allen, through the use of femininity, self-awareness, and weakness. Elisa’s character undergoes a complete transformation of femininity, due to her conversation with the tinker. The story initially describes Elisa’s appearance using words associated with manliness, as Steinbeck states, her face is â€Å"strong, eager, and handsome,† and her figure is â€Å"blocked and heavy† (228). Furthermore, she wears a man's hat, heavy leather gloves, and a big apron that hides her printed dress (228). As a result, she is depicted as a woman with greater masculine qualities than feminine qualities. However, as soon as she encounters the tinker and notices his interest in Chrysanthemums, â€Å"the irritation melted from Elisa’s face† (232), and eventually reveals her womanly side. After the tinker left, she â€Å"scrubbed herself with a little block of pumice, legs and thighs, loins and chest and arms, until her skin was scratched and red† (236). She then bathes and puts on a dress to make herself look mor e feminine (237). For the first time, Elisa feels valued and special by the tinker. As a result, she puts more effort into beautifying herself than the house or garden. Therefore, one can see that although Elisa is i... ...ouse wives, and mothers who are fragile and insignificant. Instead, she is to remain in a â€Å"closed pot† (228), just as she is expected to do. As a result, she cries at the truth that she will always be reminded, that she is a â€Å"weak† and â€Å"useless† woman, which only increases her frustrations and dissatisfactions about her marriage (238). In conclusion, Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† illustrates the life of Elisa Allen, who struggles with womanhood, self-recognition, and impotence. Although, she is described as a modern house wife of the 1930's, it is clear, that she is far from the average traditional spouse. Rather, she yearns to be represented in the masculine world. However, through Elisa’s tribulations and limitations, she has unfortunately lessoned her stature. Therefore, one should learn to make the best use of our present rights of equality.

Organizational Behaviors Essay

Every organization knows that they need a good leader to run their companies and make sure that everything is going well. Therefore, it is important that leaders have the capacity to lead themselves first before trying to lead others. If they do not have power over themselves, they will not be able to properly demonstrate their leadership skills to their subordinates. Self leadership takes several processes where people have the ability to control their own behavior. To acquire self-leadership skills, a person must first â€Å"practice self-observation, setting challenging personal goals, self-direction, and self-reinforcement. Every thing must come from one’s self first before it could be given to others. This holds true when it comes to leadership. A person cannot lead others if he or she cannot lead him or herself. If others cannot see effective leadership skills in an individual, they might not follow the person and bypass his or her authority. A good leader should also make it a point to encourage his or her subordinates or colleagues to establish their goals, which is important to have even for one’s personal life. Goals establish direction, as to where a person is heading and what his or her plans in life are. They make an individual motivated enough to achieve what he or she wants in life and be successful in the future. They would become goal-oriented individuals, which would ultimately benefit the organization in the long run. Motivation is an important factor for an employee because if this is not present, the employee might feel burnt out from the job. Self-rewarding, no matter how big or small, can influence a worker to perform better and develop a better attitude towards the work and workplace. Having this kind of behavior would result to a successful organization and more harmonious relationship in the working environment. Self-leadership can also be acquired through positive thinking. It is always better to think of the brighter side of things rather than dwell on the negative things. Having a positive outlook can change one’s perspective on things and can look at situations differently, which would result to better judgments and better leadership skills. It is also important for leaders or employers to create an environment that is suitable for self-leadership. Employees will feel that they are important when they have opportunities to grow in terms of their professional paths. They can demonstrate their skills better and become motivated because they know that their efforts will return appreciated. The final thing that employees need to remember when trying to learn self-leadership skills is to allow self-criticism. A mature person knows that he or she cannot please everyone and criticisms should be regarded as positive things taken to improve one’s self. If an individual take criticisms personally it could be destructive and would affect his or her performance at work. Self-criticisms provide a way for people to be aware of their actions and that they are not perfect. They should remember to always have room for improvement. Leaders who can lead themselves as effective as how they lead others are important, especially with the emergence of groups or teams at the workplace nowadays. People who do not know how to direct themselves would have a hard time making others follow them because they themselves do not demonstrate what and how a good leader should be.

career paper - 1070 Words

Nursing will be my major. The reason why nursing will be my major is because I want to become a nurse. I want to help others in need. I love helping other people. Another reason why I want to become a nurse is because my mom taught me in to become a nurse by many reasons. My mom had a major stroke, she can’t walk, talk, eat, see, she is bed ridden, it is hard but my dad and I take very good care of her. I always help out a lot. It is a lot of responsibility for the both of us. I gain a lot of experience from this because I help change her, I give her medicine to her, I help my dad shower her, I do a lot to help my dad out with my mom. As you can see I really do love helping others and I will continue to†¦show more content†¦ke sure they are well cared for while they are in theShow MoreRelatedCareer Plan Reflection Paper665 Words   |  3 PagesCareer Plan Reflection Paper: After completing the Career Plan on the University Of Phoenix Career website my results were as follows. The career profiled deemed me as enterprising, realistic and social. The website defines enterprising as frequently involving starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business. The website defines realistic as occupations frequently involvingRead MoreCareer Research Paper : Career1677 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: CAREER RESEARCH PAPER 1 Career Research Paper Alex Labanon California State University, Sacramento CAREER RESEARCH PAPER 2 Nick Carter once said, â€Å"It s like Forrest Gump said, Life is like a box of chocolates. Your career is like a box of chocolates - you never know whatRead MoreCareer Research Paper : Career1444 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Myoka EDUC 1300 10/25/2016 Career Research Paper The career I chose to undertake as my profession is that of a mechanical engineer. Why do I want to become a mechanical engineer? Well, for starters, I would be able to design, build and possibly repair many various machines and other technologies that are complex. These technologies can range from being already in use on a global scale to new, futuristic designs that are highly technical. Also, this career includes being a sort of jack-of-all-tradesRead MoreCareer Counseling Plan For Katie Golanski825 Words   |  4 Pages This paper is a career counseling plan for Katie Golanski and examines her current skills, potential and as well as future goals. Several assessments will be examined and applied to this plan, such as the Kuder scale, and Meyers Brigg. Specific career counseling theories will also be applied to the output. Finally, recommendations for Katie will be made to best utilize her assets. Katie is a twenty-three year single Caucasian female with a bachelor’s degree in PsychologyRead MoreInternet Is Getting More Advanced1388 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause of Internet. Some people may argue that Internet has negatively effects students’ personal life and distracted them from finishing their assignments. Although the Internet can be distracting if it not used wisely but no matter what programs or careers students are going into, having access to the Internet is beneficial. It allows students to do their research without having to gather so many books from the library, but instances they can do their research online while at home. Students can communicateRead MoreCareer Assessment Paper936 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Iemma Professor Heeter BUSN 101 04 June 2011 Career Assessment Paper In order for me to complete this career assessment paper, I initially took an Interest Inventory survey. Upon completing this process, it revealed that my personality profile score was (I, C, A). These three letters represented my strengths and interests in determining which career field would best suit me. The letter â€Å"I† represents the personality of investigating. This includes people who like to observe, learnRead MoreHow Did The Case Study Person Implement Any Plan?1605 Words   |  7 Pagesskills, interests, etc. before choosing his career. ïÆ' ¼ Secondly, he concentrated on his goal and took coaching how to achieve it, collected knowledge about that particular goal and learned about all the related information. He did voluntarily jobs to learn cooking as in professional way. ïÆ' ¼ After learning each and every corner of his cooking he was full of confident and chooses it as a successful career plan and also implement on it. (3.1)Ask your career case study person about the ‘fit’ of some ofRead MoreCareer Exploration Paper1320 Words   |  6 PagesCareer Exploration Paper Tori Turner Liberty University Career Exploration Paper Career Field Occupation Choice Within society, there are many occupations to explore and chose. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) results showed that my personal career strengths fall under the area of teaching and counseling. Currently, as a school counselor for a high school in Duncanville, Texas, a suburb outside of Dallas, I find the results of the assessment to be very accurate. MakingRead MoreReflection Of Communication And Communication1152 Words   |  5 Pagesabout resources in our society that will assist people that have served in the way. Certain things like VA hospitals and helping them deal with their past trauma. The fourth resource that I took away from this course is learning about the multiple career counseling theories; this will assist in my communication and helping with my client as it relates to their future goals. The fourth fact that I learned from this course is the importance of self-care and making sure every day you are taking goodRead More Balancing A Career and A Family Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesBalancing A Career and A Family Abstract Regardless of where they are in their careers, working mothers have a tough time achieving balance between work and family. Generally, women take on or are given more responsibility for their homes than are men, leading to frustration and exhaustion. In this paper we will address some of the issues involved in balancing career and family. This paper will provide some solutions for the most common problems arising from todays busy schedules, and provide

Macbeth Ambition Essay - 851 Words

Ambition Par Chanel Pfahl Prà ©sentà © à   Mme Bertrand EAE3U École secondaire publique Louis-Riel Le mercredi 6 janvier 2010 The determination to achieve and ambition are keys to a successful life. However, one of Shakespeare’s major themes in his play Macbeth is too much ambition ultimately brings ruin. When ambition goes unchecked, there is corruption of natural order. This theme of ambition can best be explained by analyzing the motives of Lady Macbeth, the witches, as well as Macbeth. To begin, Lady Macbeth is a deeply ambitious woman who lusts for power. She is the one who initially spurs her husband into killing Duncan. As soon as she learns about the witches prophecies and spies the opportunity for her husband to become†¦show more content†¦Therefore, he assumed that the prophecy that stated he would be crowned King of Scotland would also come true, for the simple reason that it was what he wanted to hear. When he became king, the witches brainwashed him about him not having to fear anyone born from a woman, and to fear MacDuff, etc. With the knowledge he thought he had, he thought he was completely invincible. The way things worked out is ironic because nobody knows if the witches actually had great knowledge, or it may just be reinforcing that anything is possible if you believe in it. Macbeth is not naturally inclined to commit evil deeds; he does somewhat lust for power and advancement as well as his wife. Thus, it is this characteristic of the couple that brings them down a dangerous path. Macbeth is never satisfied because his desire for power expands and he becomes unaware of when to stop. After Duncan’s murder, his situation gets even worse; it’s a point of no return. Macbeth realizes there is more trouble ahead (â€Å"We have scorched the snake, not kill’d it† III, ii). Therefore, to try to avoid even worse potential problems, he must kill again, enthralling him to a vicious and corrupt circle of regret and trouble. In relevance to the modern world, the comparison of the Macbeths’ to a company’s excessively ambitious CEO is a way to prove Shakespeare’s point. Someone with unrealistic goals can attempt making his or her company wealthier by buying another big company, but in theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Ambitio n in Macbeth734 Words   |  3 Pages Ever since he heard the prophecies that promised him power, Macbeth’s mind has been descending into a disoriented state as times passed. In the duration of Acts 1 and 2, Macbeth, under the influence of Lady Macbeth and his own ambition, has changed from being a rational, level-headed man to one of questionable integrity. With Macbeth’s coronation, not only does his inner turmoil affect his mentality, but also his behaviour and senses. Scotland is immersed in more chaos by Macbeth’sRead More Destructive Ambition in Shakespeares Macbeth Essays1671 Words   |  7 PagesDestructive Ambition in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeares tragic play Macbeth presents the fizzled drive of an ambitious husband and wife. This essay is the story of their destructive ambition.    Fanny Kemble in Lady Macbeth refers to the ambition of Lady Macbeth:      [. . .] to have seen Banquos ghost at the banqueting table ... and persisted in her fierce mocking of her husbands terror would have been impossible to human nature. The hypothesis makes Lady Macbeth a monsterRead MoreEssay on Ambition in Macbeth1788 Words   |  8 PagesIn the play of â€Å"Macbeth†, Shakespeare gradually and effectively deepens our understanding of the themes and most importantly the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. The main theme of Macbeth is ambition, and how it compels the main characters to pursue it. The antagonists of the play are the three witches, who symbolise the theme appearance and reality. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s relation is an irony throughout the play, as most of their relation is based on greed and power. This is differentRead MoreEssay on Ambition in Shakespeares Macbeth578 Words   |  3 PagesIn Macbeth ambition plays a huge role in character devolvement. Ambition affects four of the major characters. The c haracters are Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, Malcom, and Banquo. The sisters are the source of Ambition. It is as if they control ambition. The ambition the sisters’ control is negative ambition. Ambition is, wanting to have more then you have and wanting it now. Macbeth’s ambition is powered by the sisters. Through the sisters he learns that he is to be king, he does not know how he isRead MoreLady Macbeth Ambition Essay1029 Words   |  5 PagesLady Macbeths own abition is the real driving force behind Macbeths actions Discuss In play Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is one of William Shakespeare’s most dominant and frightening female characters, known for her ambitious nature. As Macbeth’s wife, her role is significant in his rise and fall from royalty. During Shakespearean times, women were regarded as weak insignificant beings that were there to give birth and look beautiful. They were not thought to be as intelligent or equal to men. ThoughRead MoreEssay about Ambition in Macbeth545 Words   |  3 PagesAmbition in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A key issue involved in Macbeth is ambition. Ambition is created when determination gets out of hand. It finds its most significant expressions in the plays two main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. The main reason why it all gets started is because of the witches interference by putting suggestions into Macbeths mind. Lady Macbeths ambition forces him to act on these ambitions as well. The couple proves that unchecked ambition will ultimately destroyRead MoreAmbition and the Downfall of Macbeth Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth is one of William Shakespeare’s most powerful and emotionally intense plays. Macbeth, once known for his courage and bravery is transformed into a ruthless tyrant. His wife, Lady Macbeth, once known for her strength and great ambition is soon engulfed by guilt and sensitivity greatly weakens her. As the tragic hero Macbeth is overcome by tensions in his criminal act and the reactions by his conscience (Nix). In the opening act of this play Macbeth is a solider who has just returned fromRead MoreRole of Ambition in Macbeth Essay1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare is based upon old Scotland and this is used as the general time frame. During this time, Monarchy still existed and Scotland is in war with Whales. There are many emotions that arise throughout the play, but the most important of all is ambition. â€Å"Ambition is the desire for personal achievement. Ambitious persons seek to be the best at what they choose to do for attainment, power, or superiority† (â€Å"Ambition†). The motif of ambition in the play is thatRead MoreEssay about Vaulting Ambition in Shakespeares Macbeth2207 Words   |  9 PagesVaulting Ambition in Macbeth      Ã‚   Can one expect to find in Shakespeares tragic play Macbeth a heavy dose of ambition? Yes, indeed. Such a heavy dose that it is lethal - as we shall see in this paper.    Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare interpret the main theme of the play as intertwining with evil and ambition:    While in Hamlet and others of Shakespeares plays we feel that Shakespeare refined upon and brooded over his thoughtsRead MoreAmbition in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay774 Words   |  4 PagesAmbition in Macbeth by William Shakespeare At the start of the play, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth appear to be very happy; it seems that they have everything they need, Macbeth was the Thane of Glamis, and they had a good relationship. The catalyst for the change between Macbeth and his wife occurs when Macbeth is told of his destiny by the three Witches; he now believes he is capable of greater things. Once he becomes the Thane of Cawdor he tells Lady Macbeth and the seed

Relationships in the House of Spirits - 979 Words

This essay will be going through the different types of love, and the power that they wield. Throughout the novel, different characters hold different powers of love. First, Clara’s love towards Ferula and Pedro Segundo will be discussed. And second, Esteban’s obsessiveness with Clara will be looked at closer. The bonds of love are stronger in relationships that aren’t acceptable compared to relationships that are acceptable in society. Clara possesses two different types of loves that are portrayed very strong within this novel for; Ferula Trueba, and Pedro Segundo. The relationships for these people were not acceptable within this society. Clara’s relationship with Ferula is very strong, it is more of a friendship relationship, then it†¦show more content†¦Not only did he become lonely because of Clara leaving, but also because everyone had left. No one he cared for was around anymore. Overall, Esteban needed to hold his frustration to himself, and not take it out on others. If he had done that, it could’ve saved a lot of relationships for himself. It could’ve saved his relationship with Clara, Ferula and also his daughter since she had left with Clara. Some may say, that Clara also had romantic feelings towards Ferula, because of always being with Ferula instead of Esteban, however this is not true, only Ferula had romantic feelings for Clara. Ferula was the one who went to the church to confess her feelings for Clara, â€Å"I can’t sleep at night†¦ Sometimes I tiptoe in and watch her while she sleeps. She looks like an angel. I want to climb into bed with her and feel the warmth of her skin and her gentle breathing.† (Allende 99) It may seem that both Clara and Ferula shared the same feelings, especially after Ferula died, and Clara took care of her instead of Ferula taking care ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of The House of Spirits by Isabel Allende Essay823 Words   |  4 Pagessolve the puzzle of a family history. In The House of Spirits, Isabel Allende tells the story of many generations of a family in Latin America. There are three prominent themes in The House of Spirits by Isabel Allende. First, the social divide between those who are â€Å"civilized† and those who are supposed barbarians. Second, the influence of women and their role in society. Third, the clash between social classes. The first major theme in The House of Spirits is the division between civilization andRead MoreFaith And Faith On Our Lives Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagesand hearing God’s word, it is the instrument for us having that relationship with God. Our true nature of faith comes from regeneration of the work of the Holy Spirit getting our hearts to believe. Faith is given to us by God through our spiritual senses. Faith affects us in our daily life and can give us strength to carry on in our issues of life and relationship with God. Important of faith is to show how GOD relationship with us give us many blessing that He promised us. And inheritRead MoreWhat does the Church mean to you?1273 Words   |  3 Pagesit is strong or weak, has some type of relationship with the body of Christ. This is because each one of us has some type of relationship with God. What is very important is to make that relationship stronger. God created each and every one of us in his image. God has a plan for each and every one of us. No matter what, God is always there for us until the end of time, so we do not want to disappoint him. Some ways in which we can strengthen our relationship with God are to go to Church every SundayRead MoreFilm Review Of The Film Spirited Away 1317 Words   |  6 Pagesher parents to their new house in another town (Spirited Away). She is childish and whiny, and sulks in the car because she does not want to move away from her friends. They take a wrong turn and find themselves at an entrance to what they think is an abandoned theme park. The family gets out of their car a nd walks through a tunnel—this is the physical threshold into another world. They leave behind their car on a small forest road and walk into a magical world of spirits and magic. Chihiro’s parentsRead MoreHaiti Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pagesbeat. The priest draws sacred symbols in the dust with cornmeal, and rum is poured on the ground to honor the spirits. One woman falls to the ground, convulsing for a moment before she is helped back to her feet. She resumes the dance, moving differently now, and continues dancing for hours. It is perhaps no longer she who is dancing: She is in a trance, apparently possessed by voodoo spirits. Voodoo is the dominant religion of Haiti it is said that Haitians are seventy percent catholic, thirty percentRead MoreEssay on Isabel Allendes The House of the Spirits1609 Words   |  7 PagesIsabel Allendes The House of the Spirits In many novels, relationships shape a character. Throughout Isabel Allendes The House of the Spirits dissimilar individuals constantly come together to form relationships that change or develop their disposition. While Allende uses relationships to build upon a character, she also depicts a characters living environment in order to confirm their true soul and lifestyle. Due to the observation of both relationships and environments, a characters trueRead MoreGhost Stories Of Ghosts, Witches And The Unknown1418 Words   |  6 Pagesnothing to be scared of. So who is correct? Are ghosts real? Throughout the United States, there are hundreds of places that people claim to be haunted. I wanted to see for myself if I can experience the paranormal by investigating the Sorrel-Weed house in Savannah, Georgia and research the most haunted location in Michigan, the Traverse City State Hospital. Usually when we are scared it is not a good thing. That uneasy feeling that you are being watched or the hair on your neck standing straightRead MoreChanging The World : One Play At A Time1644 Words   |  7 Pageshistorically influential plays that were written during the birth of feminism are quintessential to the rise of free expression among women. A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, and Trifles by Susan Glaspell both explore the unjust role of women in society, though in contrast, A Doll House develops the theme through a more complex external conflict. Trifles and A Doll House are both centered on marriage and both come from the woman’s point of view. In Trifles, the audience is introduced into the home of Mrs. WrightRead MoreThe Work Of The Holy Spirit1139 Words   |  5 Pagesknow God. The work of the Holy Spirit is just as real today as it was in the book of Acts. My message to you today is no different than Paul’s was to his congregation of believers in the book of Acts. Do you know God? We may proceed with all our traditions and religious practices but if we do not know our Father we are struggling through life on our own strength. Our hearts and minds need to be touched by the Power of God. So many lives are broken, relationships damaged and despair is a guestRead More`` Nature `` By Ralph Waldo Emerson920 Words   |  4 Pageswritten by Ralph Waldo Emerson, and published by James Munroe and Company in 1836. [1] â€Å"Nature† has a total of 41 pages. The essay consists of eight parts: Nature, Commodity, Beauty, Language, Discipline, Idealism, Spirit and Prospects. Each part takes a different perspective on the relationship between humans and nature. In this essay, Emerson emphasizes the foundation of transcendentalism, â€Å"a religious and philosophical movement that developed during the late 1820s and 30s in the Eastern region of the

Nutrition Essay Example For Students

Nutrition Essay Nutrition Essay is an important issue in my life for many reasons. The most important being my major, dental hygiene. Ive taken a couple nutrition courses already. I also simply care for the fact that what we eat is associated with our health and how long we may live. Before I went to the website I didnt expect to see many healthy benefits to eating McDonalds so I guess I was prepared. It said that McDonalds food is linked to serious diseases because of the high fat and low fiber content. I know from my nutrition classes in the past that a low fiber diet is linked obesity, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, colon cancer, and many more things. I find it amusing that they can say that their food can be a valuable part of a balanced diet. I dont think that they should be allowed to promote that in any way. On the website I found a part on evidence talking about how McDonalds is not being truthful to its customers. They lied about what goes into their Chicken McNuggets. In comparing the findings with a similar survey conducted in 1990, Americans continue to be very concerned about good Nutrition Essay and want sound information on healthy eating. Their interest in diet and health continues at a fairly high level. Despite consumers positive attitude toward good nutrition, some misconceptions continue to prevail. As in the 1990 survey, two-thirds of Americans believe there are good and bad diets. Any food can fit into a healthy way of eating. The key is to balance your food choices over time so that your overall diet is sound. For example, when you eat a higher-fat food, cut back on the fat in the next meal or snack. Consumers are also confused about the fat content of individual foods and their overall diet. Seven out of ten respondents believe that foods should contain 30 percent or less calories from dietary fats. Americans appear to be incorrectly applying the figure of 30 percent of calories to individual foods, rather than to the total diet. A diet with this percent of calories from fat can contain both lower-fat and higher-fat foods. What matters is not how much fat is in each food but how much fat you can eat over the course of a day or several days. These misconceptions tell us that consumers need further guidance in balancing individual food over time to create sound eating patterns, said Sara C. Parks, RD, President of the American Dietetic Association (ADA). People need to be shown that foods are not good or bad. and that ones overall diet, not individual foods, should contain 30 percent or less of calories from fat. One of our goals is to help consumers understand how all foods can fit into their overall eating style. Where do consumers look for information about diet and health? As in the 1990 findings, the media is cited as the primary source of food and nutrition information for the general public. The most popular sources include magazine articles, newspaper reports, and television broadcasts. A small percentage of people further seek nutrition advice from health professional. Many consumers want to eat less fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, more complex carbohydrates, and dietary fibers. Until recently, however, grocery shoppers found foods without nutrition labels or labels without enough useful information. The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 brought sweeping changes to the regulations that define what is required on the food labels. The new requirements were designed so that the labels would provide consumers with useful information about the food they eat, and especially about how individual foods fit into their daily diets. Labels are valuable only if people know how to use them, and so the labeling law contains an educational component. Consumers who understand how to read labels will be best able to apply the information .

Anne roes theory of needs and career choice free essay sample

Anne Roe (1904–1991) was born and raised in Denver, Colorado. Upon graduating from the University of Denver, she attended Columbia University, following the recommendation of Thomas Garth. At Columbia, Roe worked in the office of Edward Lee Thorndike, graduating with her Ph. D. in experimental psychology under the supervision of Robert S. Woodworm. The publication of The Psychology of Occupations would introduce Roes theory of personality development and career choice, her most enduring scientific contribution. Roe had no experience of careers or vocational guidance and counseling but was originally interested in personality theory and occupational classification (Roe, 1956, 1957). Much of her early research was focused on the possible relationship between occupational behavior and personality (Roe and Lunneborg, 1990). Ann Roe suggested a personality approach to career choice based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need but Some refer to her work as the Person-environment theory which is primarily psychoanalytic, though it also draws on Maslows hierarchy of needs. THE PURPOSE OF ANNE ROE’S THEORY 1. To focus on the psychological needs that develop between the interaction of parent and child as it affects career choice. 2. To guide by attempts to understand, make meaning of, and utilize individual motives, purposes and drives to support career development. 3. To predict occupational selection based on individual differences, which are biological, sociological, and psychological. ROE’S THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Roes theory was based on Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs in the sense that in terms of career choice, lower order needs take precedence over higher order needs (The job meets the most urgent need). According to Onyekuru (2010), Roe employed Maslow’s hierarchy of basic needs which depends on conscious or unconscious need pattern as follow: 1. Physiological needs 2. Safety or belongingness and love need 3. Need for self-esteem 4. Need for information 5. Need for understanding 6. Need for beauty, and 7. Need for self-actualization. This hierarchy of basic needs as proposed by Abraham Maslow (1954) became a useful framework, as it offered Roe the most effective way of discussing the relevance of occupational behavior to the satisfaction of basic needs. Maslow considered these needs to be innate and instinctive but (apart from physiological needs) modifiable, and proposed that the lower the potency of need in the hierarchy, the more it is suppressible (Maslow, 1954). Roe in kemjika (2008) maintained that the origin of these needs can be traced from the parental attitudes toward the child in the child’s formative experience. ANNE ROE’S PROPOSITIONS Anne Roe’s (1957, p. 213) propositions can be divided into two and they are as follows: 1. That occupation is potentially the most powerful source of individual satisfaction at all levels of need; and 2. That social and economic status depend more on the occupation of an individual than upon anything else. Roe, based on the above propositions is of the view that individual’s satisfaction and his socio-economic status in life is determined by his occupation. ANNE ROE’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO VOCATIONAL OR OCCUPATIONAL GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING Roes theory can be separated into two key areas: theoretical aspects of personality and classification of occupations. Anne Roe inspired by Maslows hierarchy of needs, incorporated the psychological needs that develop out of parent-child interactions in her conceptualization of personality. PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP PATTERNS Roe emphasized that early childhood rearing practices influence later career choices. Roe classified parent-child relationship patterns into three categories, each with two subcategories. According to Kemjika (2008) parents relate or interact with their children in one of the following ways: 1. Emotional Concentration on the child 2. Avoidance of the child, and 3. Acceptance of the child. EMOTIONAL CONCENTRATION ON THE CHILD (a). Over-protective Parents: parents who engage in this type of interaction are very warm, affectionate, caring and also tend to encourage dependence in the child and restricts curiosity and exploration. The child does not enjoy any privacy because the parents are over concerned with the child’s well-being. (b). Over-demanding Parents: this group of parents requests perfection from the child, asking for excellent performance and setting high standards of behavior. The parents’ love for the child is based on the child’s achievement and conformity. It is a conditional love. AVOIDANCE OF THE CHILD (a). Rejection Parents: parents in this category may be overly critical of the child or punish the child excessively. Every little mistake by the child attracts severe punishment from the parents. However, they only provides for the child’s physiological needs (food, shelter, clothes etc. ) and safety needs. (b). Neglect of the child: parents who adopt this parenting style Ignores the child for many reasons, such as parents concern with their own problems, other children, or work. They are cold and show no love. The physical care they provide is minimal. ACCEPTANCE OF THE CHILD (a). Causal acceptance Parents: Parents have a low-key attitude, offering minimum amount of love. The child’s needs are attended to when they are not busy. (b). Loving acceptance Parents: Here parents show a warmer attitude toward the child, while not interfering with the child’s resources by fostering dependency. Parents encourage independence rather than dependence and do not ignore or reject their child, creating a relatively tension-free environment. From the above, loving, demanding and protecting homes would produce children that are person-oriented in occupation (service). While homes that are rejecting, neglecting and casual will produce individuals that are non-person in orientation in vocational choice. These developed attitudes, interest and capacities can be modified later in life. OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION Roe,(1957) propounded eight occupational groups when she saw that occupations could be arranged along a continuum based on the intensity and nature of the interpersonal relationships involved in the occupational activities and in an order that would have contiguous groups more alike than non-contiguous ones. The eight occupational groups she posited were: 1. service 2. business contact 3. organization 4. technology 5. outdoor 6. science 7. general culture, and 8. arts and entertainment. OCCUPATIONAL LEVELS Roe considered the levels of difficulty and responsibility involved in each occupation and identified six occupational levels based on degree of responsibility, capacity and skill. The Six levels of Occupations identified by Roe (1956 1957) are: 1. Professional managerial: Independent Responsibility 2. Professional Managerial: less independence 3. Semi professional small business: Moderate responsibility for others 4. Skilled: Training is required 5. Semi skilled: On-the -job training or special schooling 6. Unskilled: Little special training is required. Individuals only need to follow basic directions. IMPLICATIONS OF ANNE ROE’S THEORY TO VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING Anne Roe’s theory has several implications to vocational guidance and counseling. Some of these implications are as follows: 1. The theory made it clear that the attitude of parents toward their children has great influence on the children’s choice of career later in life. 2. The environment created by parents at home can affect their children’s vocational choice and life in general. 3. Early childhood experience has great psychological effects on career choice and success in life. 4. The theory gives career guidance counselors insight into the patterns of relationship prevalent between the parents and their children at the home front. 5. It helps career counselors in assisting students from disturbed families on career choice. 6. It also helps the career counselor to make parents understand the effects of their behavior toward their children and the kind of environment they create at home on their children’s career choice and success. 7. Roe’s classification of occupation provided information on the various classes of occupation and the levels of responsibility as well as the capacity, abilities, and skills associated with each class of occupation. 8. This theory reveals that individual’s needs and interest at a particular time can be a determining factor for a career choice. 9. It shows that a person’s satisfaction and socio-economic status in the society is related to his or her occupation. 10. It facilitates career guidance and counseling relationship. CONCLUSION The relevance of Roe’s theory cannot be over-emphasized judging from the immense contributions made to vocational guidance and counseling and career development.